中国司法改革模式的反思与重构——以中国传统司法与西方现代司法模式为参照

Self-examination to the Pattern of Judicial Reform in China and Re-construction of It——Referring to Chinese Traditional Administration of Justice and Western Modern Administration of Justice

分析当今中国司法改革的模式,离不开两个基本背景:一方面,司法改革是在具有五千年悠久历史的中国推行的,因此不能对中国传统司法视而不见;另一方面,这一改革又在法律全球化、西方法律对中国法制产生猛烈冲击的今天展开,故而又不可对现代西方司法置若罔闻。以中国传统司法与西方现代司法模式为参照来分析我国司法改革模式的现状,可以看出其对传统的冷漠与对西方借鉴的狂热倾向。导致这种现状的原因有二,一是中国传统司法具有"卡迪司法"的品性,这种"实质非理性"的固有属性,在人们看来与现代法治文明格格不入;二是在西方列强坚船利炮威胁下进行的中国近现代司法变革,使中华民族的民族自尊心严重受挫,这种痛苦至今仍未痊愈,导致人们对传统的遗弃与对西方的追捧。如今,应当冷静地对司法改革模式进行重构,在法律全球化背景下对大陆法系与英美法系移植的同时,也要对中国传统中的精华进行继承,并将其整合到现行司法制度中去。

To analyze the pattern of judicial reform in China,we can’t be separated from two fundamental backgrounds:one aspect,the reform of judicial are carried out in China who has long history for 5000 years,so we should refer to Chinese traditional administration of justice;another aspect,this reformation also carries on in the times of law globalization,when the west law are producing fierce impingement to Chinese legal institutions,therefore,we should refer to western modern administration of justice,too.Referring to Chinese traditional administration of justice and western modern administration of justice,we can see the pattern of judicial reform in China today is not interested at our tradition at all,but only try to study from western modern administration of justice.There are two reasons leading to this situation:firstly,Chinese traditional administration of justice belongs to the "Khaki justice",which isn’t according with the modernization of legality;secondly,the history of reform in China from 1840 AD to 1949 AD hit Chinese national pride deeply,this agony has not yet recovered so far,so people would like to throwout Chinese tradition and try to learn from the west.Now,we ought to re-construct the pattern of judicial reform by studying from Chinese traditional administration of justice as well as western modern administration of justice.