中国古代中央行政管理体制沿革略论

The Research on the Evolution of the Central Administration in Ancient China

中国古代中央集权制度下,中央行政管理体制的变化与调整呈现出以下几条规律:围绕皇权的行使而形成的双轨辅政机制;不同的行政管理体制之间具有明显的因袭、继承性;皇权与相权之间的矛盾是促使行政管理体制发生变化的内在原因;体制外的因素介入行政运作等。通过对中国古代中央行政管理体制的研究与探讨,得出以下几点启示:权利互相制约是保证国家政治活动有序进行的基本前提;加强监察权的独立性与权威性是防止私权公权化的重要手段;机构设置应适应于社会经济变化发展的需要;参谋职权的界定应明确规范。

Under the centralization system in ancient China, the evolution of the central administration presents the following several characteristics. Such as forming the tow-track auxiliary political system owing to using the imperial power, the obvious succession between the different administration system, the contradiction between the imperial power and the minister power to urge the change of the administration system, and other factors involving the administrational operation, which don’t belong to the administration system, and so on. According to the essay, there are the following several suggestions. For example, the power should be restricted mutually. It is an important method that the independence and authority of the right of supervision is enhanced and improved to prevent the public power from being used in private. The organization establishment should adapt to the change of the social economy and development, not the personal interests, and the officers’ rights should be limited and slandered clearly.