论民事责任能力制度的民法学定位

Research on the Capacity of Civil Liability in Civil Law System

民事责任能力在民法学上的地位并未得到深刻的阐释。以前的论证思路仅把着眼点放在了"能力"二字之上,没有充分注意责任发生的原因,从而将不同性质的责任承担资格抽象进一个概念当中,造成了认识上的诸多纠缠。从责任发生原因的角度考察,民事责任能力可以分为违约民事责任能力和侵权民事责任能力。违约责任能力包含于民事行为能力中;侵权责任能力也不具有独立的民法学地位。由此可以得出:民事责任能力并非民法学之基础概念。

The status of civil liability has not been interpreted profoundly. The former scholars only focus on the"capac- ity". They do not pay attention to the reasons that lead to responsibility, which has caused a lot of mistakes. From the reasons of responsibility, capacity of civil liability can be divided into capability of breach of contract and capability of committing act of tort. The capability of breach of contract can be included in the capacity of legal act; the capability of committing act of tort is meaningless. Therefore, the concept of capacity of civil liability is not the basic concept in Civil Law.