论侵权责任法上的安全保障义务——以《侵权责任法》第37条为中心

Research on Obligation of Security in Tort Law——Comment on Article 37 of Tort Law

安全保障义务是在某些特定的法律关系中,一方当事人对另一方当事人的人身、财产之安全负有关照和采取积极措施加以保护的义务。我国《侵权责任法》第37条对此已经做出规定,该条文规定了安全保障义务的权利义务关系主体,责任承担,适用范围等。但仍存在缺陷,有待进一步完善:应当在厘清安全保障义务理论基础的前提下,准确界定安全保障义务的主体、相对人并且明确安全保障义务人的过错推定责任以及第三人介入的情况下安全保障义务人承担按份责任。

The obligation of security in tort law is a complicated system. The article 37 of Tort Law provides the regulation of obligation of security,including the bodies of the legal relationship, liabilities of the obligations of security, the scope of application and so on. But overall it still lags behind the development of the society and the needs of the reality, with the character of hysteresis and incomprehensiveness. There are still areas to be improved in Tort Law.