竞技体育中伤害行为的正当性依据

The Legitimacy of Damage Behavior in the Competitive Sports

目前刑法理论中关于竞技体育中伤害行为的正当化的理论依据有受害人同意和自承风险理论、被害人承诺说、区别对待说、国家许可说、正当业务说、正当风险说等学说,比较被普遍接受的是社会相当性说和一体两翼说。然而上述学说本质上都是对"被允许的危险"这一理论的具体解读,当然,仅仅以"被允许的危险"这一理论还不能完全解释这种行为的正当性,还需要用运动员对危险的全面理解和竞技体育中出现伤害的必然性这两点来加强。同时,竞技比赛的正当性和运动员的以比赛为目的是这种伤害行为合法化的关键条件。

At present,criminal legal theory about legitimacy of the damage behavior in competitive sports consists of victim consent and self-bearing risks theory,the victim’s commitment theory,discrimination theory,state licensing theory,proper business theory,justice risk theory and so on.Theories which are generally accepted are a social relative theory and one body-two edges theory However, the above theories are the exact explanations of "allowed dangers".There fore,the damage behavior in competitive sports cannot be made justice.And there are also two theories included: complete understanding of the competitive sports by athletes and great chance of damages appearing in competitive sports.At the same time,the legitimacy of competitive match and the aims of athletes to compete are two key factors of its legitimacy.