企业进入、退出与出口增长——来自中国的例证

Enterprises’ Entry,Exit and Export Growth——Evidence from China

出口市场给企业提供了一个扩张的重要渠道。本文从企业-目的市场的角度,利用中国海关数据从微观层面上探究中国出口企业的动态变化对出口增长的影响,发现以两年为期,连续出口的企业贡献占出口增长的大部分,但如果在长期内考察各类企业的累积效应,那么净进入企业的贡献更大。进入退出并不是企业动态的主要表现,只有规模较小的企业容易进入或退出,出口企业大多维持自己的出口状态,其动态大多表现为出口规模和市场个数的变化。

Export market offers enterprises an important opportunity to expand.From the perspective of enterprises’ target markets,this paper adopts the customs data of China,and studies the effect of firm export dynamic changes on exports growth.It shows that continuous export enterprises contribute most over a two - year period.However,net entry firms contribute more in the cumulative effect.Entry and exit are not the main dynamic changes of enterprises.Only small firms are apt to access to or exit from markets.Most of export firms keep their export state and their dynamics are mainly reflected by their export scale and market numbers.