城市流浪乞讨人员救助管理制度的完善——基于权利与权力平衡的视角

The Perfection of Salvation and Management Institution of Outcast in Cities——Based on the Perspective of the Balance of Right and Power

2003年废止的城市流浪乞讨人员的收容遣送制度立法本意在于管理和救助,在实际操作过程中产生了只重管理而轻救助的制度异化,取而代之的救助管理制度却只重救助而无管理。仓促的制度变革未能平衡好权利与权力的关系,导致了在实施中或失衡于管理或失衡于救助的困境。一方面需要对城市流浪乞讨人员的权利进行保障和救济,另一方面也要对其乞讨行为进行必要的法律规制,故现行救助管理制度的完善需要从救助和管理两个方面进行。对乞讨行为的规制可以通过完善既有的社会管理制度,增设针对流浪乞讨者的专门管理制度来完成,对其救助则可以通过扩大救助对象,赋予救助站适当管理权限,与社会保障制度等其他长效制度相衔接来进行完善。

The institution of custody and repatriation aiming at vagrants and beggars in urban areas were abolished in 2003.Its true legislative intent is to manage and rescue,but in the operation process,it was apt to manage rather than rescue.The system of rescue and management replays the former stresses on rescue without management.The hasty system reforming failed to balance the relationship between rights and powers,led to a dilemma.On one hand,we need to protect the rights of urban vagrants and beggars.On the other hand,we also need to control their behavior.To improve the current system also need rescue and management.Begging behavior regulation can be done through perfecting existing social management system and additional special management system.As the rescue,we can espand rescue object,give aid stations appropriate management authority,to link up with the social security system and other long-term system.