中国地方政府社会保障支出效率分析

Analysis of Local Social Security Expenditure Efficiencies in China

笔者以2003—2011年之间我国31个省级政府社会保障投入和产出为样本数据,利用DEA方法测算了地方政府社会保障支出效率,进而用受限的Tobit模型分析了影响社会保障支出效率的因素。研究结果显示,我国地方政府社会保障支出的平均综合技术效率、平均纯技术效率和平均规模效率整体上都是呈上升态势,但地区差异显著,东部地区社会保障支出的三种效率都要高于中西部。全国的社会保障支出平均存在37.1%的投入浪费,主要是由于中西部省份的规模效率、纯技术效率都比较低下所致;政府规模与社会保障支出效率呈反向关系,而人均GDP、老龄化水平和新农村医疗政策等变量则与社会保障支出效率呈正向关系。

The author took the social security input and output data of 31 provincial governments in China from 2003 to 2011 as sample,calculated the efficiencies of local social security expenditure with the method of DEA,and studied factors influencing social security expenditure efficiencies with the limited model of Tobit.The research shows that,the average comprehensive technical efficiency,average pure technical efficiency and average scale efficiency of local social security expenditure all present a tendency of rising,but there are remarkable differences among regions,the above three efficiencies of social security expenditure in eastern region are always higher than those in central and western regions.There is an average 37.1 percent input waste in national social security expenditure,mainly because the scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency in central and western regions are relative low;there is a negative relationship between government size and social security expenditure efficiency,while per capita GDP,aging level and new rural health policy have positive relationship with social security expenditure efficiency.