中国式“福利社会”——人口转变与社会保障制度建设研究

Chinese-Style “Welfare Society”——Research on Demographic Transition and Social Security System Construction

在一国人口生育率迅速下降,人口老龄化现象加剧的同时,儿童抚养比也会迅速下降,处于劳动阶段的人口比将会上升,此时,将会形成一个劳动力比例较高、人力资源丰富、负担较轻、利于社会经济发展的"人口红利"期,我国目前就处于人口红利期,但当2030年人口由"红利社会"转向"老龄社会"时,面对"人口红利"逐渐消逝的社会现状,社会保障政策该如何面对人口危机的挑战。将从人口结构转变的现实出发分析社会保障与国民福利水平、经济可持续发展状况之间的关系,从而推导出社会保障制度中养老保障制度及医疗保障制度的改革方向,以期在人口转变过程中社会保障制度能发挥出缓冲带和推动器的作用。

Along with the rapid decline of a country’s fertility rate,the increase of aging population,child support ratio declines rapidly,ratio of population in the stage of labor will rise.At this time,the society will form a"demographic dividend"period with the characteristics of high percentage of workforce,rich human resources,light burden,which is conducive to social and economic development.China is now in this period,but how could social security policies face the challenges of population crisis in the year 2030 when population transferred from a "bonus society"to the "aging society"and demographic dividend gradually disappeared.This paper will start from the reality of population structure transition,analyze the relationship between social security and national welfare level,sustainable economic development,and thus derive from the reform direction of pension security system and medical insurance system,to maintain that social security system can function as a buffer zone and a pusher.