清代证据伦理制度研究

Study on the Qing Dynasty evidence Ethics System

证据伦理制度在封建社会律文中已有体现,并见之于司法实践。作为封建社会证据伦理制度的代表,清代证据伦理制度可以从个人、家族和社会三个不同的视角划分为证据的人道伦理、证据的亲情伦理和证据的阶层伦理等三个基本部分,并分别表现在证据制度的收集、运用和裁判之中,形成固定的封建证据行为模式。这种形式化的证据伦理制度的逻辑出发点是身份的差异,由此形成了权力主导、义务本位和特权维护的证据伦理特征,其核心是在封建身份制度的管控下公开维护法定身份特权。

The Evidence ethic system has been reflected in the feudal society and its judicial practice. As a representative of the feudal society,the evidence ethic system of Qing Dynasty can be divided into the ethic of family,ethic of humanitarian and ethic of stratum on the base of three different perspectives which are the personal perspective,family perspective and social perspective. All are reflected in the collection,use,and referees of evidence and all have formed fixed feudal patterns of behavior. This logical starting point of the formalized evidence ethics theory is the discrepancy of social identity. Thus the evidence ethics system has formed the power driven,obligation based and privileges protected characteristics of evidence ethics,the core of which is openly defended the legal capacity under the control of the feudal privilege status system.