格劳秀斯民法思想初探——以《战争与和平法》为分析文本

The Preliminary Study of Grotius’s Civil Law Ideology——Taking the Law of War and Peace for Analysis

胡果·格劳秀斯以其代表作《战争与和平法》构建了独立、完整、系统的国际法学科,被称为"国际法之父"。格劳秀斯著述中所蕴含的丰富民法思想具有重大的时代价值,其首次系统地论述了自然法理论,主张国内法和国际法均应以理性自然法为基础。同时,秉承平等、诚信、公平等理念,格劳秀斯从理性自然法揭示了人类的社会需要,从上帝创世剖析了私人财产权的产生,从诚信角度探讨了权利的享有与限制,从利益衡量出发阐述了民事责任的承担。在完成对民事理念与自然财产权的阐释之后,其最终着眼于民事共同体自治,以契约规则和救济程序构建起民事主体的自治体系。

Known as the father of international law,Hugo Grotius brings international law into a new status as an independent,complete and systematic branch of learning with its masterpiece The Law of War and Peace. Abundant civil law ideology contained in Grotius’ s writings also has great era value. Being the first western thinker systematically discussing the theory of natural law,he advocates that domestic and international law should be based on a rational natural law. At the same time,upholding the concept of equality,honesty,and fairness,Hugo Grotius uncovers the human social needs from a rational natural law,and analyzes the generation of private property rights from God’s Creation,and discusses the enjoyment and restrictions of rights from the perspective of integrity,and elaborates the undertaking of the civil liability from the measure of the interests. After the interpretation of the civil philosophy and the natural property,he devotes hinself to autonomy of the civil community,and builds up an autonomous system of civil subjects with the Contract rule and relief procedure.