“共景监狱”场域中网民“社会性格”辨析

The Theoretical Analysis of Chinese Netizens Social Character in the Context of the Total Views Prison

法国哲学家米歇尔·福柯认为,"全景监狱"是信息社会的社会控制机器,社会管理者通过信息不对称的方式来实现低成本、高效率的社会治理。然而,随着传播技术的日新月异和媒介形态的层出不穷,信息资源分配方式的不断变革催生了以"围观"结构为主要特征的新型社会结构——"共景监狱",它是众人对个体展开的集体"凝视和控制"。在互联网时代,网民是"共景监狱"场域中规范化监视的主体,他们在数量增长、信息消费、议程设置三大层面展现了自身"凝视与控制"社会的力量。本文基于"共景监狱"的场域特征,结合弗洛姆"社会性格"的相关理论,发现网民的"话语实践"在网络匿名机制的作用下既得到了极大释放,又增加了非理性的因素。因此在"话语实践"过程中,网民往往呈现出非理性狂欢、情绪燃点低、自我意识弱等社会性格的基本特征。

Michel Foucault,the French philosopher,considered that the panopticon was a social control machine in the information society. The social managements achieved social governance in low cost and high efficiency by means of information asymmetry. However,a new social structure in which the main characteristic was onlookers structure,was created with the change of communication technologies and media form. This social structure is the total views prison,in which the crowd can supervise the individual collectively. The netizens are the principal part of standardized monitoring in the total view prison in the internet age. They can emerge their power through population growth,information consumption and agenda setting. This article is established on the total view prison and its essential feature. Also,the article combines the total view prison with the theory of discursive power and then finds that anonymity releases the right of speech of netizens immensely,in the meantime,it reduces the social restriction of netizens. Consequently,the discursive power of netizens often shows the carnival- orientation,emotional sentimental and self- awareness degradation in the total view prison.