“善意”对过失犯罪构成的意义

The Role of Good Faith in Criminal Negligence

行善为我国传统道德所颂扬与推崇,但是,如果在无私助人的过程中发生疏失,甚至造成被帮助者遭受超过的法益侵害,就可能在刑法上成立过失犯罪,此时善意所彰显的正面价值与过失犯罪背后的负面意义将不可避免的产生冲突与较量。过失犯罪的不法基础建立在行为人的疏失上,而非恶意的动机,善意在过失犯罪的构成中不具有特殊的意义。在客观不法层面,善意行为的正面利益并不能与该行为所产生的法益侵害风险相互抵消;在主观罪责方面,善意行为人如果没有履行最低限度的注意义务即可能成立过失犯罪。

Doing the good is praised highly by traditional morality in China. However,if serious mistake occurs in the time of helping others,and this error leads to a more severe damage of legal interest to the helped,then the actor in good faith may cause negligent crime in Criminal Law. In this case,the positive value of doing the good and the negative influence of criminal negligence will inevitably collides. The negligent crime is based on the remissness of the actor,rather than malicious motive,the good faith doesn’t have special meaning in the constitution of negligent crime.From the objective aspect,the positive value of doing the good can not neutralize the legal damage that the action brings. From the subjective aspect,the actor in good faith may establish negligent crime if he neglects his minimal duty of care.