基于热电效应的新型制冷器件研究

Research on New Type Refrigeration Device Based on Thermoelectric Effect

介绍了热电制冷的基本原理,基于热电材料的帕尔贴效应,电流通过驱动热电材料中的载流子运动并携带热量实现制冷,具有无噪声、无污染、制冷迅速、操作简单、可靠性强、易于实现高精度温控等优点。随着大功率电子器件微小化集成化发展以及红外探测灵敏性要求的提高,对热电制冷在体积上和性能上又提出了新的要求。热电制冷器的微型化成为近年来的研究热点,概括了热电制冷在电力电子、军事、空间探测、商业和科研等技术领域的应用,其支撑了电力器件、电子元件以及精密仪器、仪表等的精确温控,并归纳出热电制冷的关键技术问题和今后的发展方向。

This paper firstly introduces the principle of thermoelectric cooler. Based on Peltier effect, when the current passes through the thermoelectric leg, the carriers in the material will bring heat and move from one side to the other side, which would lead to the phenomenon of cooling. Thermoelectric cooler has many advantages, such as no noise, no pollution, cooling rapidly, simple operation, strong reliability and accurate temperature control. With the miniaturization development of power electronics and higher demand of sensitivity for infrared detection, it is required to fabricate smaller and better thermoelectric cooler. Thus, the study of miniaturization of thermoelectric cooler has attracted many attentions in recent years. Then the paper describes the applications of thermoelectric cooler in the fields of power electronics, military, space exploration, commercial and scientific research. Thermoelectric cooler can realize the temperature control for power electronic devices, instruments and so on. At last, the key problems of thermoelectric cooler and the development directions are summarized, which provides an idea for the further study of thermoelectric cooler.