花山喀斯特风景林群落结构与林内景观质量的关系

Relationship between community structure and in-forest landscape quality of karst forest landscape in Huashan Scenic Area, Guangxi

全面和正确地认识群落结构特征与景观美学质量的关系,对揭示森林景观美学质量的形成机制和进行景观质量提升具有重要意义。采用美景度评价法(Scenic Beauty Estimation,SBE)和回归分析,从林分水平结构、垂直结构和物种组成等群落结构特征层面,分析群落结构特征与景观质量的关系。结果表明:群落结构要素对美景度贡献大小顺序依次为Pielou均匀度指数>乔木层密度>Shannon-Wiener多样性指数>林层数>乔木层平均高度;Pielou均匀度指数和乔木层密度与美景度呈负相关关系,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、林层数和乔木层平均高度与美景度呈正相关关系;物种丰富、乔木层密度较小、林层数多、乔木层平均高度较大的林分具有较高的美景度值。根据群落结构和林内景观质量关系得出群落结构优化策略,首先尽可能满足物种多样性和生态系统稳定性的需求,在此前提下从水平和垂直结构等空间配置上,综合运用林分抚育、林下层管理和美学规划等措施,构建出符合生态要求和具有较高美学价值的森林景观。

Forest structure is an important element determining in-forest landscape beauty, and a comprehensive understanding of their relationship may give insight into the management and improvement of scenic areas. Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) and regression analysis were used to evaluate landscape beauty of Huashan Scenic Area, Ningming, Guangxi, with forest horizontal and vertical structures, species composition being considered. The results show that landscape beauty was influenced by following factors in a declined order: Pielou index, arbor tree density, Shannon-Wiener index, number of canopy layers, average tree height. The Pielou index and arbor tree density were negatively correlated to the landscape beauty, while Shannon index, number of canopy layers, average tree height were positively correlated to the landscape beauty. Stands with high richness, lower arbor tree density, multiple canopy layers and higher tree height generally had higher landscape beauty. Strategy to upgrade landscape beauty of the forests can be based on the results, which prioritizing the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem stability, using stand tending and understory treatments to transform the forests’ horizontal and vertical arrangement, making forest aesthetic plan, and building a environmental friendly forest landscape with high aesthetic value.