祁连山自然保护区天然林保护工程的成效分析

Effective analysis on natural forest protection project in National Nature Reserve of Qilian Mountains

祁连山天然林生态服务功能巨大。2001~2010年祁连山自然保护区实施了天然林保护一期工程,加强了森林保育。采用样地调查及"3S"技术监测资料对该天然林保护工程进行了分析。结果表明:工程实施期间,保护区有林地、疏林地、灌木林地、未成林地面积分别增加了4.8%、26.9%、54.3%、283.6%,每年新增森林生态系统服务价值155.82亿元·a-1;森林覆盖率增长1.3%,活立木蓄积增加212.47万m3;封山育林区与未封育区相比,天然更新幼树密度、青海云杉幼树年均高生长量、植物种数量、灌木盖度、灌木平均高分别增加了557.6%、28.7%、18.8%、57.5%和180.0%,植物种多度提高;退化林地植被群落多样性随封山育林时间增加呈增大趋势;物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和优势度指数在空间结构上的变化表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层,而均匀度指数变化相反;林区野生动物种群数量显著增加。指出了工程实施中存在的问题,提出了改进和提高天然林保护二期工程建设质量的对策建议。

The natural forest in Qilian Mountains has great ecological service functions. From 2001 to 2010, thefirst phase of thenatural forest protection project had been implemented in Nature Reserve of Qilian Mountains, and the forest conservation was strengthened. By using sample survey method and the“3S” technical monitoring data of the natural forest protection project,the effective analysis of the natural forest protection project was conducted. The results show that during thefirst phase of natural forest protection project implementation, the area of forested land increased by 4.8%, open forest land by 26.9%, shrub land by 54.3% and un-closed afforestation land by 283.6%, and the forest ecosystem services value increased by 15.582 billion Yuan annually; The forest coverage increased by 1.3%, and the living tree volume increased 2.12 million m3; Compared within non-fencing area, in the closed region for afforestation, the density of natural regeneration sapling increased by 557.6%, the average height increment of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia Kom.) sapling by 28.7%, the quantity of plant species by 18.8%, the shrub coverage by 57.5% and the mean height of shrub by 180.0%, and the abundance of plants increased to the level Soc(abundant) by Drude abundance levels; The vegetation community diversity in degraded forest land showed an increasing trend with the increase of the closed time of the land for reforestation; The variation of space structure of Patrick diversity index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index showed that the index of the herb layer was greater than that of the shrub layer and the shrub layer was greater than that of the tree layer, while the Pielou evenness index was in the opposite way; The quantity of national key protected animals in forest region increased, and particularly, somefirst-grade state protection animals such as Moschus sifanicus, Panthera uncial, appeared in many spaces. The problems existing in the project were pointed out, and the countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to improve the quality of the second phase of natural forest protection project.