近15年来环洞庭湖区土地利用变化及其景观效应

Land use change and its landscape effect around Dongting lake in recently 15 years

基于1996-2011年landsat TM遥感影像以及土地利用动态变化和景观指数模型对湖区近15 a来土地利用特征和景观效应进行了动态变化和驱动因素分析,结果表明:1996-2011年期间,湖区利用结构发生了显著变化,建设用地过快增长,耕地、林地向建设用地的转移程度较大,建设用地增加程度达78%,耕地的增幅仅6.2%,但耕地面积变化总量大,达36 km2;湖区建设用地、耕地、林地景观破碎化程度均降低,而水体破碎化增加,湖区总体上的蔓延度、分维度增加,反映出近年来湖区城市建设与农业发展较为活跃,但景观多样性有所降低,且有集中连片趋势;快速城市化和GDP增长是湖区景观变化的主要驱动因素,重视中心城市的合理规划和湖区湿地保护有助于提升湖区土地生态环境。

Land use dynamic change characteristics and driving factors of landscape effects was analyzed, using landsat TM remote data of 1996-2011 by land use dynamic model and landscape index model, The result showed that significant changes in land use structure, 1) The construction land in the lake area was growing too fast, and the land use structure had changed significantly. During the 15 years, the construction land increased by more than 78.7%. Cultivated land and forest land to construction land transfer is larger.The farmland compared to the contrast land was smaller, only 6.2%, but farmland total area was larger, reaching 36 km^2; 2) The degree of fragmentation of the construction land and farmland landscape was decreased, but the agricultural land increased. On the whole, landscape diversity, degree of spread and fractal dimension were reduced, which reflected that the urban construction and agricultural development in the lake area were more active in recent years, but the ecological stability was reduced. 3)T he rapid growth of GDP and urbanization is the main driving factors. Attaches great importance to the layout of central city, the planning of agricultural industry and forest protection could increase the landscape environment so that promote the development of ecological economy in the lake area.