考虑山坡和洼地水力联系的半分布式喀斯特水文模型——以陈旗流域为例

A Semi-distributed Karst Hydrological Model Considering the Hydraulic Connection Between Hillslope and Depression: a case Study in Chenqi Catchment

针对峰丛喀斯特流域山坡、洼地地貌特征,构建了反映导水介质慢速、快速水流入渗补给和蓄泄特征以及山坡-洼地水力联系的半分布式水文模型。根据贵州省普定陈旗流域出口断面实测流量和洼地地下水位观测数据,对模型参数进行敏感性分析和优选,计算山坡、洼地多重径流成分。结果表明,该模型能较好地模拟流量以及地下水动态过程;山坡是流域的重要补给源,其水量占总水量的76%;山坡、洼地地表径流、快速径流、慢速径流占总水量比例分别为3.8%、71.8%,24.4%,反映了喀斯特地区裂隙管道快速流对陡涨、陡落流量过程的控制作用。

On the basis of the geographical features of the hillslope and depression in the karst peak cluster watershed, this paper establishes a semi-distributed hydrological model which reflects the characteristics of infiltration and storage and discharge and the hydraulic connection between hillslope and depression. The model is applied in Chenqi River Basin in Guizhou Province, the parametric sensitivity analysis and parameter calibration of model is based on the measured discharge of watershed outlet and the observation data of groundwater depth in depression, and calculating multiple discharge of hillslope and depression. The results show that the model is highly accurate in simulating discharge and groundwater regime process;hillslope discharge is an important supply for basin, it accounts for 76 percent of total flow. The surface and fast and slow flow account for 3.8%, 71.8%, 24.4% percent of total flow, it shows that the fast flow controls the flow process of steep rise and fall.