耕作方式与秸秆覆盖对土壤理化性状及花生产量的影响

Effect of Tillage Method and Straw Mulching on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Peanut Yield

采用大田裂区随机区组设计试验,研究了耕作方式(免耕、垄作)与秸秆覆盖对土壤理化性质及花生产量的影响,旨在为砂姜黑土区花生的高产、优质和小麦秸秆合理利用提供科学依据。结果表明:花生开花期,起垄覆盖小麦秸秆的耕层土壤温度和盐分均最高,而土壤水分含量最低;花生收获期,起垄覆盖小麦秸秆的耕层土壤p H最高,而土壤容重最小;花生不同生育期,起垄覆盖小麦秸秆的叶片SPAD值均最大;起垄覆盖小麦秸秆的花生产量最高,比免耕不覆盖小麦秸秆的和免耕覆盖小麦秸秆的花生产量分别增加664.7、818.1 kg/hm^2,增产率分别为19.4%、25.0%。免耕不覆盖小麦秸秆,起垄覆盖小麦秸秆和免耕覆盖小麦秸秆等3种方式下,‘远杂9307’分别比‘远杂6’产量增加13.8%、9.9%和15.8%。‘远杂9307’起垄种植,小麦秸秆覆盖量为4500 kg/hm^2,花生产量最高,为4290.0 kg/hm^2,对土壤理化性质改善较佳,建议在花生生产上示范应用。

In order to provide technical basis for peanut high-yield and wheat straw reasonable use in vertisolarea, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of tillage method(no-tillage and ridge culture) andstraw mulching on soil physicochemical properties and peanut yield using split-plot randomized block design.The results showed that in peanut flowering period, the treatment of ridge tillage with wheat straw mulchinghad the highest temperature and salinity content in topsoil, but it had the lowest water content; in peanutharvest period, the treatment of ridge tillage with wheat straw mulching had the highest p H value in topsoil, butit had the lowest soil bulk density; in different development stages of peanut, leaf SPAD values in ridge tillagewith wheat straw mulching were the biggest; peanut yield of ridge tillage with wheat straw mulching was thehighest, compared with no-tillage without wheat straw mulching and no-tillage with wheat straw mulching, theyield increased by 664.7 and 818.1 kg/hm^2, and the yield increase rate was 19.4% and 25.0%, respectively.Under three modes such as no-tillage without wheat straw mulching, ridge tillage with wheat straw mulchingand no-tillage with wheat straw mulching, yield of‘Yuanza 9307'was 13.8%, 9.9% and 15.8% higher thanthat of‘Yuanza 6'. Overall, peanut yield of‘Yuanza 9307'in ridge tillage with 4500 kg/hm^2 wheat strawmulching was the highest of 4290.0 kg/hm^2, which could improve soil physical and chemical properties, itcould be recommended for application demonstration in peanut production.