不同颜色覆膜对土壤温度、马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响

Film with Different Colors Affecting Soil Temperature, Potato Growth and Yield

为探究不同颜色覆膜对土壤温度、马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响,于2007年4—10月和2017年3—7月,分别在甘肃省民勤县农业技术推广中心试验站和山东省日照市中国农业大学特色马铃薯试验基地开展田间试验,进行3种颜色覆膜[黑膜(BM)、透明膜(TM)、无膜(NM)]处理。试验结果表明(:1)覆膜可以提高0～20 cm土层土壤温度,且透明薄膜的增温效应更为显著,促使马铃薯提前出苗,但出苗率与颜色覆膜没有显示出一致性关系。(2)株高和干物质量均表现为覆膜处理高于无膜处理,且株高在整个生育期大致表现为BM>TM,而干物质量除块茎膨大期外,均表现为TM略高于BM。(3)在2007年,处理间的最终单株块茎产量与产量表现为相同的大小关系,即BM>TM>NM;2017年最终单株块茎产量表现为TM>NM>BM,由于出苗率的影响产量表现为NM>BM>TM。

Field experiments were conducted from April to October in 2007 and March to July in 2017, on the Experiment Station of Agricultural Technology Promotion Center in Minqin County, Gansu Province and the Special Potato Experimental Base of China Agricultural University in Rizhao City, Shangdong Province,respectively. Three different films [black film(BM), transparent film(TM), no film(NM)] were taken to investigate their effect on soil temperature, potato growth and yield. The results showed that:(1) mulching could improve the soil temperature of 0-20 cm soil layer, and the transparent film’s warming effect was more significant, which accelerated the emergence of potato, but the relationship between the emergence rate and the film color was not displayed consistently;(2) plant height and dry matter quality were higher under mulching treatments, and the plant height was BM>TM in the whole growth period, however the dry matter quality was TM>BM, except in the tuber enlargement period;(3) in 2007, the final tuber yields of single plant and the yields among different treatments had uniform relations as: BM>TM>NM;in 2017, the final tuber yield of single plant was: NM>BM>TM.