基于DEA-Tobit模型的农业综合开发投入产出效果地区差异研究

Regional Differences of Input-Output Effect of Agricultural Comprehensive DevelopmentBased on DEA-Tobit Model

全国各省区由于自然资源禀赋和社会经济状况不同,农业综合开发项目的投入产出效率也存在一定的差异,在财政支农资金有限的情况下,研究不同地区农发项目的投入产出效率、分析原因并促进支农资金向资金高效利用区转移意义重大。笔者以该视角为研究起点,运用DEA-Tobit模型实证分析2006—2015年农发项目投入产出效率的地区差异,并研究效率的影响因素。结果表明:10年间综合效率不断提高,2015年均值大于0.9,农发项目能够在一定的条件下实现受益归宿的效率与公平兼备,并且样本各省区呈现"中部最高、西部次之、东部较低"的效率分布格局;2015年,纯技术有效地区占样本省份的83.87%,除北京、辽宁、四川、贵州、新疆外其余地区均达到技术有效水平,规模有效地区占样本省份的70.97%,效率较差的地区主要分布在北京、辽宁、广东等经济发达省份以及四川、云南、贵州、西藏、甘肃、新疆西部省份;人均地方财政支出水平及农林牧渔业从业人员占总人口的比重是影响农发项目投入产出效率的2个重要因素。最后,提出了优化农发项目布局及缩小地区效率差异的政策建议。

The input-output efficiency of agricultural development projects in each province and autonomous region in China was different due to different natural resources endowments and socioeconomic conditions. It is of certain significance to calculate the input-output efficiency of agricultural development projects in different regions, analyze the reasons and promote the agricultural supporting funds to transfer to the higher efficient areas under the limited financial support for agriculture. Based on the above perspectives, this paper used DEA-Tobit model to empirically analyze the regional differences in input-output efficiency of agricultural development projects from 2006 to 2015 and studied the factors affecting the efficiency. The results showed that the comprehensive efficiency increased during the ten years, and the average value in 2015 was greater than 0.9. The project of agricultural development could meet the efficiency and fairness of benefiting and returning to the destination under certain conditions. The sample provinces and autonomous regions showed'central was the highest, western was lower, eastern was the lowest'efficiency distribution pattern. In 2015,pure-technically effective areas accounted for 83.87% of the total sample provinces, except Beijing, Liaoning,Sichuan, Guizhou and Xinjiang, all the other sample regions reached the technical effective level. The effective scale areas accounted for 70.97% of the sample provinces, the areas with poor efficiency were mainly in economically developed provinces such as Beijing, Liaoning and Guangdong, as well as in western provinces and autonomous regions like Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Tibet, Gansu and Xinjiang;the average level of per local government expenditure and the share of the total population were the two important factors that affect the inputoptimize the layout of agricultural development projects and to reduce the difference in regional efficiency.