北京市水资源生态安全与农业安全状态评价

Evaluation of Agri-security and Eco-security of Water Resources in Beijing

水资源安全与农业安全密切相关。北京市是一个水资源严重匮乏的城市,受水资源约束,农业规模不断缩小,却又突显了农业安全问题。运用"压力—状态—响应"模型,对北京市水资源生态安全和农业安全进行双重评价,结果表明:近十年来北京农业安全水平不断下降,水资源的生态安全水平则呈波动上升趋势;农业安全的压力和状态呈下降趋势,但农业安全的响应水平却稳中有升;水资源生态安全的压力与状态呈现同步波动起伏,而水资源生态安全的响应能力却总体上升。为提高北京市水资源的生态安全水平和农业安全水平,除严格控制人口增长和用水总量外,还要开源节流,加大对雨水的收集利用和污水处理再利用;落实严格的耕地保护制度;减少化肥、农药对水资源造成污染;加大对农业的投入,提高农业的综合生产能力;大力发展高效节水农业、生态农业和循环农业。

Water resources security is closely related to agricultural security. Beijing has serious water resources shortage, and under the restriction of water resources, the scale of agriculture is shrinking,highlighting the problem of agricultural security. Ecological security and agricultural security of water resources in Beijing were evaluated by a'pressure-state-response'model in this paper, and the results showed that the agricultural security level continued to decline over the past ten years, while the ecological security level of water resources showed a trend of rising with fluctuation;the pressure and state of agricultural security showed a downward trend, but the level of agricultural security response steadily increased;the pressure and state of ecological security of water resources had synchronous fluctuation, and the response ability of the ecological security of water resources overall increased. To improve the level of ecological security and agricultural security of water resources in Beijing, in addition to strict control of the total amount of population growth and water use, the reuse of sewage and the collection and utilization of rainwater should be enhanced. Some strategies were necessary including implementing strict farmland protection system,reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide pollution of water resources, increasing investment in agriculture and improving the comprehensive production capacity of agriculture, vigorously developing water-saving,ecological and circular agriculture.