不同营养液配方对日光温室土壤特性及辣椒生长发育的影响

Nutrient Solution Formulations Affect Soil Characteristics and Growth Development of Pepper in Solar Greenhouse

为研究不同营养液配方对日光温室土壤特性、辣椒生长、品质及产量的影响,筛选出适合宁夏日光温室土壤栽培辣椒最佳营养液配方。以‘杭椒5号’为试材,设置4个不同营养液配方,目标产量(T_1)、1/2园式配方(T_2)、以前筛出配方(T_3)、西北农户常用配方(CK),测定不同处理下土壤养分、土壤酶活性、植株长势、辣椒品质,并统计产量。结果表明:T_2处理能够增加土壤有机质含量,降低pH值和EC值,提高土壤酶活性,促进辣椒营养生长,改善品质,Vc含量比CK高出26.3%、可溶性蛋白质含量高出4.3%、可溶性糖含量高出22.7%,产量达到39531 kg/hm^2,比对照高出14.5%;在辣椒全生育期内各个处理氮肥比对照施肥总量减少7.5%～33.7%,磷肥减少54.24%～70.28%,钾肥增加13.4%～41.3%%。1/2园式配方是适合宁夏日光温室土壤栽培的辣椒最佳营养液配方。

The paper aims to study the effects of different nutrient solution formulations on soil characteristics,growth, quality and yield of pepper in sunlight greenhouse, and select the optimal nutrient solution formulation for the soil cultivation pepper in Ningxia solar greenhouse. ’Hangjiao5 ’ was used as the test material, and four different nutrient solution formulations were set, which were target yield(T1), 1/2 garden formula(T2), former selected formula(T3), common formula used by Northwest farmers’(CK),to determine the soil nutrients,soil enzyme activity, plant growth and pepper quality under different treatments. The results showed that T2 treatment increased soil organic matter content, reduced pH and EC value, improved soil enzyme activity,promoted the nutrition growth of pepper and improved pepper quality, Vc content was 26.3% higher than that of CK, soluble protein content was 4.3% higher than that of CK, and soluble sugar content was 22.7% higher than that of CK, the yield reached 39531 kg/hm2, which was 14.5% higher than that of CK. During the whole growth period of pepper, compared with CK, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer decreased by 7.5% to 33.7%under all treatments, phosphate fertilizer decreased by 54.24% to 70.28% and potassium fertilizer increased by13.4% to 41.3%%. The 1/2 garden formula is the optimal nutrient solution for soil cultivation pepper in Ningxia solar greenhouse.