不同小麦品种柱头活力及花粉活性模拟研究

Modeling Study on Stigma Vitality and Pollen Activity of Wheat Varieties

为分析小麦品种抗倒春寒能力与其柱头活力及花粉活性间的关联性,以5个黄淮麦区主导小麦品种为试验材料,杂交时互为母本和父本,去雄后1、3、5、7、9天进行饱和授粉,成熟收获后统计各杂交组合的杂交结实率,以各品种作为母本、父本时的平均杂交结实率分别代表该品种柱头活力及花粉活性。试验结果表明:当5个小麦品种为母本时:平均杂交结实率由高到低依次是‘周麦18’、‘百农207’、‘西农979’、‘良星99’和‘偃师4110’,‘周麦18’的平均杂交结实率最高为72.13%,柱头活力最强;‘百农207’的平均杂交结实率居第2位,与‘周麦18’的平均杂交结实率差异不显著;‘周麦18’的平均杂交结实率与‘西农979’、‘良星99’和‘偃师4110’的平均杂交结实率差异达极显著水平。当5个小麦品种为父本时:平均杂交结实率由高到低依次是‘百农207’、‘周麦18’、‘偃师4110’、‘西农979’和‘良星99’,‘百农207’的平均杂交结实率最高为72.00%,花粉活性最强;‘周麦18’的平均杂交结实率居第2位,与‘百农207’的平均杂交结实率差异不显著;‘百农207’、‘周麦18’的平均杂交结实率与‘偃师4110’、‘西农979’和‘良星99’的平均杂交结实率差异达极显著水平。

To study the association between late spring cold and stigma and pollen vigor of different wheat varieties in the Huang-huai winter wheat region, the leading wheat varieties were used as female parent and male parent in hybridization, sexual hybridization experiments were conducted between five winter wheat varieties after emasculation 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days, the hybrid seed rate of different combinations were studied after harvest, which represent stigma vitality and pollen activity of the wheat varieties. The results showed that when 5 wheat varieties were used as female parents, the order of average seed setting rate was‘Zhoumai18’>‘Bainong 207’>‘Xinong 979’>‘Liangxing 99’>‘Yanshi 4110’, the average seed setting rate of‘Zhoumai 18’was 72.13%, and showed the highest stigma vitality;there was no significant difference between‘Bainong 207’and‘Zhoumai 18’, and the average seed setting rate of‘Zhoumai 18’was significantly higher than that of the other three varieties. When the 5 wheat varieties were used as male parents, the order of average seed setting rate was‘Bainong 207’>‘Zhoumai 18’>‘Yanshi 4110’>‘Xinong 979’>‘Liangxing 99’, the average seed setting rate of‘Bainong 207’was 72.00%, and showed the highest pollen activity, the difference between‘Bainong 207’and‘Zhoumai 18’was not significant, but the average seed setting rate of‘Bainong 207’was significantly higher than that of the other three varieties.