濒危物种雪鸡(Tetraogallus)保护生物学研究综述

Endangered Species Tetraogallus: Research Progress on Conservation Biology

为了研究濒危物种雪鸡的保护机制及保护策略,恢复雪鸡在生态系统中的正常功能,以达到保护生物多样性以及维持生态平衡的目的。笔者综述了中国境内喜马拉雅雪鸡、西藏雪鸡和阿尔泰雪鸡的保护生物学研究,发现在野外分布、野外生态学、人工驯化和利用价值、起源与进化等方面有所突破,但在雪鸡的起源与进化以及食性选择方面尚存争议,且在圈养繁殖以及开发利用方面受阻。今后需利用现代野外监测技术,评估雪鸡种群数量;使用重测序技术,研究雪鸡起源与进化;运用宏基因组学技术,研究雪鸡肠道菌群、食性选择;应用现代繁育技术,提高圈养雪鸡的产蛋和繁殖性能;采用遥感技术,开展雪鸡栖息地评估,并对其药用机理进行重点关注和研究。

The paper aims to study the endangered mechanism and protection strategy of Tetraogallus, restore the normal function of Tetraogallus in the ecosystem, and achieve the goal of protecting biodiversity and maintaining ecological balance. We summarized the conservation biology research on Tetraogallus himalayensis, Tetraogallus tibetanus and Tetraogallus altaicus in China. The results showed that: some breakthroughs were made in the field distribution, field ecology, artificial domestication and utilization value,origin and evolution, but there were still some controversies in origin and evolution of Tetraogallus and the selection of food habits, and problems in captive breeding and its development and utilization. In the future, it is necessary to use modern field monitoring techniques to assess the population of Tetraogallus;study the origin and evolution of Tetraogallus by using resequencing technology;study the intestinal flora of Tetraogallus and their dietary preference by using metagenomics techniques;improve the egg production and reproductive performance of captive Tetraogallus by applying modern breeding techniques;assess the habitat of Tetraogallus by using remote sensing technology and highlight the medicinal mechanism of Tetraogallus.