湖北引种薄壳山核桃品种差异性评价

Introduced Carya illinoensis Varieties in Hubei: Diversity Evaluation

通过对湖北引种的7个薄壳山核桃品种进行物候期观测、坚果外观品质和内含物含量的分析,评价不同薄壳山核桃品种差异性,以期为引种栽培提供参考。结果表明:(1)引种的7个薄壳山核桃品种在湖北均能完成生育周期,年生长期218～237天不等;‘Shaoxing’、‘Shawnee’、‘Jinhua’3个品种可以互相授粉。‘Baker’可作为‘Shawnee’、‘Caddo’、‘Jinhua’的授粉树进行栽培,其中与‘Jinhua’可互为授粉树。(2)7个品种中,坚果重最小、果壳最薄为‘Baker’,分别为3.19 g和0.65 mm,坚果重最大,果壳最厚为‘Jinhua’,分别为9.66 g和0.95 mm;出仁率最高的为‘Choctaw’,达56.01%,出仁率最低的为‘Jinhua’,为41.90%;核形指数最高的是‘Shawnee’为2.19,最低为‘Jinhua’,仅1.60。(3)7个品种中‘Pawnee’粗脂肪含量最高,达76%;‘Caddo’粗脂肪含量最低,为67.52%。而它的蛋白质和总糖含量最高,分别为11.52%和9.05%;蛋白质含量最低的是‘Shawnee’为8.31%,总糖含量最低的是‘Jinhua’,为6.17%。

The paper aims to provide reference for introduction and cultivation of Carya illinoensis. We carried out the phenological periods observation, analyzed the appearance quality and inclusion contents, and evaluated the varieties differences of 7 introduced Carya illinoensis varieties in Hubei. The results showed that:(1) the 7 varieties all could complete the growth cycle, which varied from 218 to 237 days, the varieties of‘Shaoxing’,‘Shawnee’and‘Jinhua’might cross-fertilize;(2) among the 7 varieties,‘Baker’had the lowest nut weight and thinnest nut shell, which were 3.19 g and 0.65 mm, respectively;and‘Jinhua’had the highest nut weight and the thickest nut shell, 9.66 g and 0.95 mm, respectively;‘Choctaw’and‘Jinhua’had the highest and lowest kernel rate of nut, 56.01% and 41.90%, respectively;‘Shawnee’and‘Jinhua’had the maximum and minimum nuclear shape index of nut, 2.19 and 1.60, respectively;(3) among the 7 varieties, the maximum and minimum crude fat content of nut were found in‘Pawnee’,‘Caddo’, 76% and 67.52%,respectively;and the protein and total sugar content of‘Caddo’were the highest of 11.52% and 9.05%,respectively;the lowest protein(8.31%) and total sugar content(6.17%) of nut were found in‘Shawnee’and‘Jinhua’, respectively.