氮磷钾配施对超高产夏玉米养分吸收和产量性状的影响

Combined Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium: Effects on Nutrients Acquisition and Yield Traits of Summer Maize with Super-high Yield Potential

旨在深入研究氮磷钾均衡施肥和分别减施氮、磷和钾肥对河北平原超高产夏玉米养分吸收特性和产量性状的影响。本试验以‘郑单958’为材料,采用常规植株养分测试和产量性状分析方法,进行不同养分处理下植株各生育时期氮磷钾含量和成熟期产量测定。与不施肥空白对照(CK)相比,氮磷钾均衡施肥处理(T)和分别减施氮素处理(T-N)、磷素处理(T-P)及钾素处理(T-K),显著增加各生育时期、生育阶段和全生育期的植株氮、磷和钾的积累量,提高吸收速率、产量、穗粒数和千粒重。T-N、T-P和T-K植株氮磷钾积累量、吸收速率和产量较处理T显著降低,其中以T-N减幅最大,T-P次之,T-K最小。各处理植株生育期间氮磷钾吸收速率呈单峰曲线,氮磷吸收高峰为大口—吐丝期,钾吸收高峰为拔节—大口期。不同处理每生产100 kg籽粒吸收N为2.07～2.81 kg、P_2O_5为0.67～0.83 kg、K_2O为2.21～2.52 kg,各施肥处理生产单位籽粒的氮、磷和钾量高于CK。本研究表明,适宜氮磷钾肥配施,具有改善生育期间植株养分积累、提高植株养分含量、增强植株干物质积累和产量形成的作用。

To study the effects of balanced and combined application of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K),and separate reduction of N,P,and K on nutrients acquisition and yield traits of super-high yield summer maize in Hebei,‘Zhengdan 958’is taken as the material,conventional plant nutrients test and yield traits analysis are conducted.The contents of N,P and K at different growth stages and the yield at mature stage are determined.Compared with CK,balanced application of N,P and K(T),and separate reduction of N(T-N),P(T-P),and K(T-K)increased the accumulation of N,P and K at various growth stages,growth phases and the whole growth stage,and also increased the absorption rate,yield spike numbers,and per-1000 grain weights.The accumulation of N,P and K,absorption rate and yield under T-N,T-P,and T-K treatments decreased obviously compared with the T treatment,the largest reduction was found in T-N,followed by T-P,and then in T-K.The uptake rates of N,P,and K of plants in various treatments displayed a curve with a single peak,the highest value of N and P was from ear formation to silk stage,and the highest value of K was from jointing stage to the ear formation stage.The amounts of N,P2O5,and K2O for per 100-kg grain of summer maize of all the treatments were 2.07-2.81 kg,0.67-0.83 k,and 2.21-2.52 kg,respectively.Among the treatments,the N,P and K amounts used for producing per unit grain were higher than that of CK.The results suggest that the balanced combination of N,P,and K is benefit for the improvement of plant nutrients accumulation,plant biomass production,dry matter accumulation and yield formation in super high summer maize.