屋顶农业栽培基质配比的筛选及对生菜生长、品质的影响

Roof Agricultural Substrates:Proportion and Effects on Growth and Quality of Lettuce

为筛选轻质、价廉的屋顶农业基质,以花生壳、蘑菇渣、牛粪、蚯蚓粪等农业废弃物为原料,通过屋顶栽培试验,对比研究7种不同配比基质的理化性质及其对生菜生长和品质的影响,同时运用灰色关联法对各基质的效果进行综合分析。结果表明,各配比处理基质的容重为0.38～0.60 g/cm3,总孔隙度为54.77%～74.17%,EC 242～1150μS/cm,其中花生壳和蘑菇渣的加入可显著降低容重、增加孔隙度,牛粪和草炭对基质养分含量影响最显著;相对于原土(CK),不同配比基质促进了生菜生长,其中T4[V(花生壳):V(蚯蚓粪):V(蛭石):V(珍珠岩)=3:4:2:1]、T5[V(花生壳):V(牛粪):V(蛭石):V(珍珠岩):V(草炭)=2:2:2:2:2]处理显著提高株高、叶长和干、鲜重;T5对提高生菜的可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量最为明显。综合各项指标通过灰色关联法分析,T5适合屋顶农业中生菜的栽培,可以作为屋顶农业中优良的轻质基质配方。

To screen light and cheap roof agricultural substrates,peanut shells,mushroom residues,cow dung,earthworm dung and other agricultural wastes were used as raw materials,the physicochemical properties of the seven substrates with different mixing proportions and their effects on the growth and quality of lettuce were studied by roof cultivation experiment.The grey correlation analysis was used to analyze the effects of various substrates.The results showed that the bulk density of mixed substrates was between 0.38 and 0.6 g/cm3,the total porosity of mixed substrates was from 54.77%to 74.17%,and the EC value ranged from 242 to 1150μS/cm.Peanut shell and mushroom residue could significantly reduce the bulk density and increase the total porosity of substrates,while cow dung and peat had the most significant effect on nutrient content of substrate.Compared with CK,different substrates could promote lettuce growth,the plant height,leaf length,dry and fresh weight of T4[V(peanut shell):V(wormcast):V(vermiculite):V(perlite)=3:4:2:1]and T5[V(peanut shell):V(cow dung):V(vermiculite):V(perlite):V(peat)=2:2:2:2:2]increased significantly.The soluble sugar and soluble solids content in lettuce increased significantly in T5.In general,T5,which has the best treatment effect and is suitable for lettuce cultivation,could be used as an excellent light substrate formula in roof agriculture.