大穗型小麦品种的划分标准及生态适用性研究

The Classification Criteria and Ecological Adaptability of Large-spike Type Wheat Varieties

采用多年的国家小麦品种区域试验结果,研究了大穗型小麦品种的划分标准及不同生态区适应的大穗型小麦品种类型,结果表明:依据单穗重、穗长、小穗数中的某一指标和一个地区一年数值来区分,难以反映出此类品种的共有特性和各自穗部特征;大穗型小麦品种生态区域选择性较强,生产上应根据不同区域的气候条件选用品种。进一步分析可知,大穗型小麦品种应是穗长8.5 cm以上,公顷成穗数在570万以下,单穗重较突出的品种,其中长江流域宜选用大穗、中大穗型春性品种,黄淮麦区宜选用中大穗型半冬性品种,其中黄淮南片也宜选用大穗型弱春性品种,而京津等北部麦区不宜选用大穗型品种。

Multi-year regional trial is used to study the classification criteria and the adaptability of largespike wheat varieties in different ecological zones.The results showed that it was difficult to reflect the common characteristics of these varieties and their individual characteristics of spike according to single ear weight,spike length,the number of spikelet and the annual value of one area;the largestrong selectivity for ecological area and the varieties should be selected according to climatic conditions in different regions.Further analysis showed that the large-spike wheat varieties should be variety of spike length more than 8.5 cm and hectare ear number less than 5.7 million,and with prominent single ear weight.The Yangtze River basin should choose the spring varieties with large spike and medium-large spike.Huanghuai wheat area should choose semishould choose weak spring varieties with large spike.Beijing,Tianjin and other northern areas should not choose large spike varieties.