行间生草对秦岭北麓猕猴桃园土壤养分、pH值的影响

Inter-row Grass: Effects on Soil Nutrients and pH Value of Kiwifruit Orchards in Northern Qinling Mountains

通过对秦岭地区猕猴桃园进行行间生草试验,以探讨多年生草对土壤pH值、有机质及养分的影响。在西安猕猴桃试验站4年生的海沃德种植园,设置间作黑麦草、三叶草和林间组合,以自然生草为对照,于种植后第1、第2和第3年萌芽期分别测定果园不同土层的土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷、速效钾含量的变化,并采用方差分析对数据进行分析。结果表明,随着生草年限的递增,通过生不同的草种,土壤中全氮、有机质含量整体呈递增趋势;当生草年限达到3年时,随着土壤深度的增加,土壤中速效磷、速效钾含量逐渐降低;随着生草年限的递增,不同土层中自然生草的pH值先增加后降低,三叶草的pH值先降低后增加,黑麦草和林间组合的pH值逐渐降低。在猕猴桃园生草能改良土壤养分状况,提高土壤有机质含量调节土壤pH值。不同草种对土壤pH值的影响不同,行间生林间组合和黑麦草能够改良北方的盐碱地。

The paper aims to explore the effects of perennial grass on soil pH value,organic matter and nutrients by using inter-row grass experiment in kiwifruit orchards in Qinling.4-year-old‘Hayward’kiwifruit trees were selected in Xi’an kiwifruit test station,inter-row grasses were ryegrass,clover and the combination of ryegrass and clover,at the same time,nature grass was set as control.We determined soil pH value,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available phosphorus and available potassium contents in germination stage after 1,2 and 3 years of inter-row grass,and analyzed the variance.The results showed that:with the increase of the number of cultivation years,total nitrogen and organic matter content had an increasing trend with different grass species;at the third year,available phosphorus and available potassium content decreased with the increase of soil depth;soil pH value of natural grass increased first and then decreased in different soil layers with the increase of the year of inter-row grass;however,soil pH value of clover decreased first and then increased;besides,soil pH value of ryegrass and the combination of ryegrass and clover decreased.Inter-row grass in kiwifruit orchard can improve the soil nutrient status and soil organic matter content,and adjust soil pH value.Different inter-row grass species have different effects on soil pH value.Internorthern China.