农作物秸秆炭化后养分变化及还田效应

Crop Straw Biochar: Nutrients Change and Field Returning Effects

旨在明确不同农作物秸秆炭化和焚烧后氮、磷、钾养分含量变化,秸秆直接还田和炭化还田下对旱作区玉米和水旱轮作区水稻产量及土壤理化性状的影响,本研究选取水稻、油菜、小麦、玉米秸秆,测定炭化和焚烧后氮、磷、钾含量和损失率变化及秸秆直接还田和炭化还田的旱作区玉米和水旱轮作区水稻产量及土壤理化性状变化。结果表明,作物秸秆炭化和焚烧后氮、磷、钾含量均不同程度提高,水稻和油菜秸秆炭化处理较焚烧处理氮含量显著提高5.79%和30.06%,4种作物秸秆焚烧处理较炭化处理均显著提高磷、钾含量。炭化处理较焚烧处理有效降低氮和磷养分的损失率。不同轮作制下秸秆炭化还田较秸秆还田均能提高作物产量和土壤理化性状。秸秆炭化还田较秸秆还田能提高旱作区玉米产量和水旱轮作区水稻产量,通过改善土壤理化性状来培肥土壤,且水旱轮作区施用效果优于旱作区。

The paper aims to explore the change of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents after the returning of crop straw biochar and burning,and the effects of straw returning and straw biochar returning of wheat on the yield and the physical and chemical properties of soil in the paddy-upland rotation field and the dry farming area.We measured nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents and the loss rate of burning and biochar of rice,rapeseed,wheat and corn straw,and the changes of straw returning and straw biochar returning on the crop yield and the physical and chemical properties of soil.The results showed that nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents after the returning of straw biochar and the burning increased in different degrees;compared with burning treatment,the nitrogen content of straw biochar treatments significantly increased by 5.79%and 30.06%by rice and rapeseed straw;compared with straw biochar,the phosphorus and potassium contents of straw burning significantly increased;the loss rate of nitrogen and phosphorus were decreased by straw biochar.The crop yields and the physical and chemical properties of soil are increased under the straw biochar returning in different rotation systems,the straw returning in the paddy-upland rotation field is superior to that in the dry farming area.