黑龙江省季节性冻土的气候特征分析

Seasonal Frozen Soil in Heilongjiang: Climatic Characteristics Analysis

为进一步研究高纬度地区冻土的气候特征,本研究采用统计分析方法和IDW方法分析了黑龙江省1961—2016年季节性冻土区冻土要素的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)黑龙江省最大冻土深度的多年平均值约为171.6 cm,呈显著减小趋势。各地区(除了通河)的最大冻土深度均呈显著减小的趋势。(2)冻土初日平均在10月23日,呈显著推迟的趋势。全省绝大部分地区的冻土初日推迟,省西部地区的推迟速率要大于省东部地区。(3)冻土终日平均在5月29日,呈显著提前的趋势。全省大多数地区的冻土终日均显著提前,尤其是克山、海伦、安达和伊春,提前速率在6.3~9.8 d/10 a之间。(4)冻土期平均约为218天,呈显著减少的趋势。各地区冻土期纬向分布比较明显,且均呈不同程度的减少趋势,省西部地区的减少速率要大于东部地区。研究结果可为应对气候变化、工程气象以及短期气候预测、生态气候领域的进一步研究做基础。

The paper aims to study the climatic characteristics of frozen soil in high latitudes.We analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of frozen soil elements in seasonal frozen soil areas in Heilongjiang from 1961 to 2016 by using statistical analysis and IDW methods.The results showed that:(1)the annual average maximum frozen soil depth in Heilongjiang was about 171.6 cm,showing a significant decreasing trend;the maximum depth of frozen soil in all regions of Heilongjiang(except Tonghe)showed a significant decreasing trend;(2)the average initial date of frozen soil was October 23,showing a significant postponing trend;the initial date of the frozen soil in most parts of Heilongjiang were delayed,and the delay rate in the west was higher than that in the east;(3)the average final date of frozen soil was May 29,showing a significant trend of advance;in most parts of Heilongjiang,the final date of frozen soil was advanced significantly,especially in Keshan,Helen,Anda and Yichun with the advance rate 6.3-9.8 d/10 a;(4)the average frozen soil period was about 218 days,showing a significant decreasing trend;the zonal distribution of frozen soil in different regions was obvious,and the decreasing trend was of different degrees,and the decreasing rate in the west was greater than that in the east.The results can be used as a basis for further research on climate change,engineering meteorology,short-term climate prediction and ecological climate.