喀什噶尔河-叶尔羌河流域粮食作物生态功能评价及生态补偿探讨

Study on Ecological Function Evaluation and Ecological Compensation of Food Crops in Kashi-Yarkant River Basin

根据国家'两区划定'粮食作物的相关统计数据为基础,运用生态系统服务价值和能值生态足迹方法,评价喀什噶尔河-叶尔羌河流域耕地生态系统服务价值、生态足迹和生态承载力,并算出生态补偿额度。研究结果表明:(1)2016年喀什噶尔河-叶尔羌河流域耕地生态系统服务当量价值为2141.24元。(2)农田系统生态服务体系中保持土壤和废物处理功能当量因子较大,旅游科研功能和原材料生产功能当量因子较小,农田系统的总生态服务价值约为18697.67元/hm^2。(3)小麦和玉米的人均生态足迹较大,大豆和水稻的人均生态足迹较小,人均生态足迹为0.328 hm^2/人,总合生态足迹为181.18 hm^2,耕地人均生态承载力约为0.018 hm^2/人。(4)研究区2016年小麦等4种粮食作物的耕地生态补偿金大约为6634万元。喀什噶尔河-叶尔羌河流域耕地生态服务功能较高,但是农田生产能力较弱,耕地生态承载力较小,出现耕地生态赤字,农田生产系统处于不可持续发展状态。

Based on relevant statistical data of'two districts delineated',the ecosystem service value and energy-ecological footprint method are used to evaluate the service value,ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of cultivated land ecosystems in the Kashgar-Yarkant River Basin,and calculate the ecological compensation amount.The results showed that(1)in 2016,the service equivalent value of cultivated land ecosystem in the Kashi-Yarkant River Basin was 2141.24 yuan;(2)in the farmland ecological service system,the soil and waste treatment function equivalent factor was large,the equivalent factor of the tourism scientific research function and the raw material production function network was relatively small,and the total ecological service value of the farmland system was about 18697.67 yuan/hm2;(3)wheat and corn had higher per capita ecological footprint,soybean and rice had smaller per capita ecological footprint,the per capita ecological footprint of the farmland system in the Kashi-Yarkant River Basin was 0.328 hm2/person,the total ecological footprint was 181.18 hm2,the ecological carrying capacity of cultivated land was about 0.018 hm2/person;(4)the ecological compensation for cultivated land for the four crops in 2016 was about 66.34 million yuan.The ecological service function of the Kashi-Yarkant River Basin cultivated land is relatively high,but the cultivated land production capacity is relatively low,the ecological carrying capacity is relatively small,there is an ecological deficit and the cultivated land production system is in a state of unsustainable development.