施用钙肥对盐碱地花生开花期后土壤水分、盐分和速效养分运移的影响

Effect of Calcium Application on Soil Moisture, Salt and Available Nutrients of Peanut in Saline-Alkali Land After Flowering

为探索黄河三角洲盐碱土区花生高产高效栽培技术,提高出苗和建苗率,田间条件下,设置CaO0 kg/hm2(对照,Ca-0)、180 kg/hm2(Ca-1)和360 kg/hm2(Ca-2)试验,研究盐碱土花生开花期后0~100 cm剖面土壤水分、盐分和速效氮磷养分含量随花生生育进程的动态变化。结果表明,施用钙肥可明显降低0~60 cm土层含盐量,80 cm以下土层含盐量明显增加,对0~40 cm土层含水量影响不大,但明显提高开花后60~80 cm土层土壤含水量,且较高钙肥用量可降低60~100 cm土层含水量。施用钙肥可明显提高开花期后0~60 cm土层水解性氮和速效磷含量,明显降低土壤水解性氮的淋溶强度,尤以Ca-2处理表现明显。黄河三角洲盐碱土区,土壤水解性氮含量匮乏,速效磷含量虽然较充足,但受盐碱胁迫、团粒结构缺乏、土壤板结严重等因素制约,不利于花生根系对养分的吸收,土壤磷效率难以发挥,基施钙肥可有效提高0~60 cm土层水解性氮和速效磷含量,降低水解性氮的淋溶强度,使土壤肥力有效发挥。

To explore the high yield and high efficiency cultivation techniques of peanut to improve seedling emergenceonsaline-alkalilandintheYellowRiverdelta,weset4 treatments,CaO0 kg/hm2(CK,Ca-0),180 kg/hm2(Ca-1)and 360 kg/hm2(Ca-2),and conducted an experiment in field condition to study the change of soil moisture,salt content and available nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients with the process of peanut growth in 0-100 cm profile after flowering stage.The results showed that using calcium fertilizer could significantly reduce the salt content of the soil layer from 0 to 60 cm and increase salt content of the soil layer below 80 cm,and there was little impact on the water content of the 0-40 cm soil layer.However,the soil moisture content of soil layer from 60 to 80 cm after flowering stage was significantly improved and the high calcium fertilizer reduced the water content of the soil layer from 60 to 100 cm.Application of calcium fertilizer significantly improved the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus of the soil layer from 0 to 60 cm after flowering period and decreased the leaching intensity of the soil hydrolyzed nitrogen.The effect of treatment Ca-2 was the most obvious.In the Yellow River delta saline soil area,the soil hydrolyzed nitrogen content was deficient and the available phosphorus content was abundant,but the salt and alkali stress,soil particle dispersion and the lack of granular structure seriously inhibited the absorption of nutrients by peanut root system,and the efficiency of soil phosphorus could not be fully achieved.In conclusion,the basal application of calcium fertilizer could effectively improve the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus of 0-60 cm soil layer,reduce the leaching intensity of hydrolyzed nitrogen,and give full play to the soil fertility.