中国35个大中城市建设用地结构与空气质量的典型相关分析

Canonical Correlation Analysis of Composition of Urban Development Land and Air Quality in 35 Large and Medium-sized Cities in China

研究选取中国35个大中城市作为样本城市,评价样本城市2016年空气质量和城市建设用地结构特征,利用典型相关分析方法分析城市建设用地结构与空气质量之间的关系,为合理安排城市用地结构、改善空气质量及城市人居环境质量提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)研究期间样本城市空气质量地域差异明显,空气污染较重的城市主要集中在华北地区、西北地区,东南沿海城市空气质量较好,京津冀地区空气污染问题较为严重,空气质量指数(AQI)、PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2年均浓度呈现出北方城市>南方城市、内陆城市>沿海城市。(2)研究期间样本城市建设用地结构存在一定差异,居住用地和工矿仓储用地占城市建设用地总面积的49%~58%。北方、南方城市建设用地结构差异主要体现在绿地与广场用地比例,沿海、内陆城市建设用地结构差异主要体现在公共管理与公共服务用地、工矿仓储用地和绿地与广场用地的比例。城市建设用地结构信息熵平均值呈现出北方城市>南方城市、内陆城市>沿海城市的特征。(3)典型相关分析结果表明,样本城市建设用地结构对空气质量有一定影响。不同的区域空气污染物不同,影响空气污染物浓度的建设用地结构因子也不同。从整体上,居住用地与商业服务业设施用地与SO2呈负相关,工矿仓储用地与NO2呈正相关;从区域上,居住用地、道路与交通设施用地与PM2.5呈正相关,工矿仓储用地与NO2呈正相关,居住用地、道路与交通设施用地与SO2呈负相关。样本城市建设用地结构对空气质量有一定影响。

The authors selected 35 large and medium-sized cities in China as sample cities to evaluate the air quality and composition of urban development land characteristics in 2016.The relationship between composition of urban development land and air quality was analyzed by using canonical correlation analysis method,which provides a scientific basis for rational arrangement of urban land structure,improvement of air quality and urban human settlements quality.The results showed that:(1)the regional differences of air quality in sample cities varied significantly during the study period.The air pollution was mainly concentrated in north and northwest of China,while the air quality was relatively good in southeast coast.Compared with other cities in China,air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area was still very serious.The average annual concentration of air quality index,PM2.5,PM10,SO2,NO2 showed that the southern city were better than the northern city and the coastal city were better than the inland city.(2)During the study period,there were some differences in the composition of urban development land,and residential land and industrial and mining storage land account for49%-58%of the total area.The structural differences between northern and southern cities was mainly reflected in the proportion of green space and square land and the differences of composition of urban development land in coastal,inland cities was mainly reflected in the proportion of public management and public service land,industrial and mining storage land and green space and square land.The average value of information entropy showed that the northern cities were greater than southern cities,inland cities were greater than coastal cities.(3)The results of canonical correlation analysis showed that the composition of urban development land had a certain influence on air quality.Air pollutants in different regions were different and the structural factors that affected the concentration of air pollutants were different.On the whole,there was a negative correlation between residential land,commercial service facility land and SO2;a positive correlation between industrial and mining storage land and NO2.Regionally,residential land,road and transportation facilities land were positively correlated with PM2.5;industrial and mining storage land was positively correlated with NO2;residential land,transportation facilities land were negatively correlated with SO2.Composition of urban development land of sample cities has a certain impact on air quality.