中国畜禽粪尿资源及其替代化肥潜力分析

Livestock Manure Resources and Their Replace Potential Fertilizer in China

基于中国养殖业发展现状,以种植业化肥用量为参照,统计分析了包括固体和液体粪便在内的畜禽粪尿资源总量及其替代化肥潜力。结果显示:2015年中国畜禽粪尿排放总量为23.99亿t,养分总量2573.10万t,其中氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)养分总量分别为1278.50万t、366.16万t、928.44万t,可替代同年种植业化肥施用总量(6022.70万t)的42.73%;中国不同地区畜禽粪尿替代化肥潜力差异较大,其中华东、东北和西南地区等地畜禽粪尿养分总量最高,达1369.52万t,占全国畜禽粪尿养分总量的67.15%,可替代全国当年化肥用总量22.74%。经过堆肥和沼液发酵处理的畜禽粪尿,养分综合损失比例为19.43%,氮磷钾养分理论剩余总量为2055.11万t。研究结果可为中国畜禽粪尿资源化利用及化肥减施提供数据支撑和决策支持。

Based on the present situation of livestock and poultry breeding industry and the annual chemical fertilizer consumption in China,the authors analyzed China’s total nutrient in livestock and poultry manure and their potential for being applied as alternative fertilizer.The results showed that the total amount of animal manure and urine discharged in China in 2015 was 2.399 billion tons,and the total nutrient content was 25.72 million tons,the total amount of nitrogenous,phosphate and potash in livestock and poultry manure was 12.78 million tons,3.66 million tons and 9.28 million tons,respectively,which could replace 42.73%of the annual chemical fertilizer consumed in crop farming(60.22 million tons)in the same year.The potential of livestock manure for being applied as alternative fertilizer in different regions was quite different,the total amount of livestock manure nutrient in east China,northeast China and southwest China was 13.70 million tons,accounting for 67.15%of the total livestock and poultry manure nutrient,which could replace 22.74%of the annual chemical fertilizer consumed in crop farming of the same year.The theoretical total nutrient loss ratio was 19.43%after composting and biogas fermentation of livestock manure,decreased to 20.55 million tons.This study provides data support and decision making reference for improving the utilization of livestock manures and the reduction of chemical fertilizers in China.