湖南省农产品主产区耕地承载力评价研究

Evaluation of Farm Land Bearing Capacity in Main Agricultural Production Areas in Hunan

根据发改委等12部委下发的《关于印发<资源环境承载能力监测预警技术方法(试行)>的通知》,资源环境承载能力预警评价中,需针对农产品主产区存在的特殊问题开展专项评价。本文根据近年来湖南农产品主产区农业资源凸显的主要问题,从有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、缓效钾和pH值6项土壤肥力指标来测度耕地承载力的高低及耕地承载力空间分布格局。结果显示:(1)2006—2010年,湖南省农产品主产区耕地pH值总体上保持趋良态势;有机质、全氮总体丰富且呈相对稳定态势,有效磷、速效钾和缓效钾虽呈趋良态势,但总体仍然缺乏;(2)湖南省耕地承载力水平呈恶化态势的县市区均位于农业较为发达的环洞庭湖平湖农业区,相对稳定态势的县市区在'一圈一区两带'均有分布,呈趋良态势的县市区主要位于湘中南丘岗农业带及武陵、雪峰、南岭、罗霄山脉山地农业带。耕地质量承载力评价作为农业资源承载力的重要部分,对于保证农产品生产能力、保障农产品供给安全、提升农产品经济效益,推进农业绿色发展和生态文明建设、保障国家粮食安全具有重要战略意义。

According to the Resource and Environmental Carrying Capacity Monitoring and Early Warning Technology(Trial),special evaluation should be carried out on the specific problems existing in the main agricultural production areas in the early warning of environmental carrying capacity.Based on the main problems of agricultural resources in main agricultural production areas of Hunan in recent years,we used 6 spatial indexes of soil fertility,such as organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,slowly available potassium and pH value,to measure the carrying capacity of farmland and the spatial distribution pattern of farmland carrying capacity.The results showed that:(1)the pH value of cultivated land remained good trends from 2006 to 2010,the organic matter and total nitrogen were abundant and relatively stable,while the effective phosphorus,available potassium and slow potassium were in good condition,but still lacking on the whole;(2)the areas of deteriorated bearing capacity all in agricultural regions around the Dongting Lake and had high agriculture level,relatively stable areas were located in‘one circle,one area and two belts’region,the areas had good trends were in hilly agricultural belt in central-south Hunan and Wuling,Xuefeng,Nanling,Luoxiao mountains.Bearing capacity evaluation of cultivated land quality is an important part of agricultural resources bearing capacity,and has significant meanings of ensuring the safety of agricultural production capacity and the supply of agricultural products,promoting agricultural economic efficiency,developing green agriculture,building ecological civilization,and safeguarding the national food security.