金华市居民健康素养水平影响因素分析

Influencing factors of health literacy level among Jinhua residents

目的了解金华市居民健康素养水平及其影响因素,为开展城乡居民健康教育与促进工作提供理论支持。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样,对金华市2 399名15～69周岁常住居民进行入户调查。结果金华市健康素养总体水平为16. 61%,城市居民21. 42%,高于农村14. 34%(χ2=20. 902,P <0. 01)。25～34岁组素养水平最高,之后随年龄增长逐渐下降;文化程度越高,素养水平越高;就职机关事业单位人员健康素养水平最高,农民最低;慢病患者素养水平低于非慢病患者,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4. 496～71. 991,P <0. 05)。六类健康问题素养水平中,安全与急救最高,35. 39%,基本医疗、慢性病防治较低,分别为13. 02%、10. 24%。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,城乡地区、年龄、文化程度、职业是金华市居民健康素养水平的主要影响因素。结论金华市健康教育与促进工作应加强慢性病防治和基本医疗内容,文化程度低、农民、老年人为重点人群。提升健康素养水平需要政府多部门配合和全社会参与。

Objective To explore health literacy level of Jinhua residents and the influencing factors to provide theoretical support for health education and promotion among urban and rural residents.Methods Multistage stratified random sampling was conducted to recruit the study objects,a total of 2399 residents aged 15~69 years for household survey.Results The proportion of Jinhua residents with health literacy was 16.61%.That of urban residents with health literacy was 21.42%,which was 14.34%higher than that of rural residents(χ2=20.902,P<0.01).Age group of 25~34 years had the highest health literacy level,and then there was a downward trend with age.The higher the education,the higher the literacy level.Those working in government offices or public institutions had the highest health literacy,while farmers had the lowest level.Patients with chronic diseases had lower literacy level than patients with non-chronic diseases.All the differences were statistically significant(χ2=4.496~71.991,P<0.05).Among the six items of health literacy,the highest rate was found in the item of safety and first-aid(35.39%),while the relatively low rates were found in the items of primary health care and prevention and control of chronic diseases(13.02%,10.24%respectively).Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that urban and rural areas,age,education and occupation were the main factors influencing health literacy level of Jinhua residents.Conclusions Prevention and control of chronic diseases and primary health care need reinforcing in health education and promotion work of Jinhua City.The key populations of the work were those with less education,farmers,and the aged.Cooperation of multiple government departments and the participation of the whole society were needed to improve the health literacy level.