治疗阿尔茨海默病新药的临床研究进展

Advances in clinical trials on new drugs for Alzheimer's disease

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)为神经退行性疾病,临床表现为认知功能受损和日常生活能力下降。目前认为AD最主要的病理机制是由于Aβ沉积形成老年斑和Tau蛋白过度磷酸化所致的神经元纤维缠结,最终导致神经元凋亡。已上市的治疗AD药物有胆碱酯酶抑制剂和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体拮抗剂。近20年来有多种AD治疗药物包括国内首创的1类化药进入Ⅲ期临床试验。本文对近年来治疗AD药物的临床研究概况进行了回顾与评述。

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with the clinical manifestations of cognitive impairment and reduced abilities of daily living.At present,the most important pathogenesis of AD is neuron apoptosis due to senile plaques caused by amyloidβ-protein deposition and neurofibrillary tangle caused by hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein.The drugs launched for the treatment of AD include cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists.Many drugs for the treatment of AD have entered phaseⅢclinical trials over the past 20 years,including innovative class 1 chemicals in China.This article reviews the clinical studies on drugs for the treatment of AD.