人脑组织库建设的意义与国内外进展

Significance of human brain banking and recent advances in China and foreign countries

人脑组织库收集死后和活检的人体神经组织材料、采集捐献者生前疾病和生活信息,支撑对健康和疾病人脑组织的观察与研究。在西方发达国家,人脑组织库建设受到高度重视,形成了以临床列队为重点的大规模脑库,推动了对人脑形态与功能、发育与老化及许多神经精神疾患疾病机制的探索,正在逐步揭示人脑正常活动机制并引领神经系统疾病预防和治疗的方向。我国人脑组织库建设尚待推动。本文介绍人脑组织库建设的意义及国外人脑组织库的基本情况,同时也对我国人脑组织库建设现状进行考察与思考。

Human brain banks collect postmortem and resected human nervous tissue samples and data on diseases and lifestyle before death from donors and thus support the observation and research on healthy or diseased human brain tissue.Human brain banks have been well established in Western developed countries,with the formation of large-scale brain banks focusing on clinical cohorts.Human brain banks promote the exploration of human brain morphology and function,neurodevelopment and aging,and pathogenesis and mechanism of various neurological and mental disorders,gradually reveal the mechanism of normal brain activities,and thus provide new directions for the prevention and treatment of nervous system diseases.Human brain banking needs to be promoted in China.This article introduces the significance of human brain banking and the basic information of human brain banks in foreign countries,as well as investigations and reflections of the current status of human brain banking in China.