休厄尔归纳思想研究综述

A Review of the Research on Whewell's Inductive Thought

休厄尔与穆勒关于归纳推理本质问题的争论贯穿了西方学界研究休厄尔归纳思想的整个历程,从时间上可分为三个阶段:(1)起步阶段,反思争论、重审批评,主要围绕经验主义与理性主义主义之争展开;(2)发展阶段,全面研究、澄清误解,着重分析假说-演绎主义与归纳主义之争;(3)新发展阶段,尝试重点研究、新视角解读"归纳"。目前这些讨论仍在进行之中,研究休厄尔的归纳思想对于我们重新认识归纳的含义、丰富归纳逻辑的研究内容以及促进认知科学的发展都具有重大的意义。

In Western academia, the debate of Whewell-Mill about the nature of inductive reasoning played an important role in the whole process of studying Whewell’s inductive thought. Chronologically, we have divided the whole process until now into three stages: In the first stage, people rethought the criticism made by Mill against Whewell in the debate between them and the reflection mainly revolved around empiricism and rationalism. Secondly, in the development stage, to clarify some misunderstandings on Whewell, the study was comprehensive and focused on the analysis of the debate between hypothetico-deductivism and inductivism. In the third stage, people have tried to interpret 'induction' from a new perspective and begun to study some new topics in Whewell’s thought. The study of this paper is of great significance for us to recognize the meaning of induction, to enrich the research content of induction logic and to promote the development of cognitive science.