我国第一个稀土生产工厂的创建及早期发展(1953-1963)

The Creation and Early Development of the First Rare Earth Production Plant in China(1953-1963)

1953-1958年,在国家科技政策的引领下,中国科学院与诸科研单位联合攻关,由冶金部牵头,设计了我国首个稀土工厂。该厂为包钢稀土一厂的前身。1959-1963年建厂试生产,配套工程稀土金属试验厂竣工投产,稀土合金厂两年未能投产而停工。1959年将炼铁炉渣副产品稀土硅铁合金用于军工钢生产,效果良好。1963年包头冶金研究所成立,带动该厂扩大试验生产稀土合金新品种,我国稀土科技和产业迅速崛起,走向"稀土大国"的创新之路。本文依据包头钢铁稀土公司和稀土研究院第一手资料和部分相关史料,简述我国第一个稀土工厂的建设及技术创新的发展过程,并讨论其影响和意义。

During the years of 1953-1958, under the guidance of the national science and technology policy, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and various scientific research units jointly tackled the problem, and, led by the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry, designed the first rare earth plant in China-Baotou No. 1 Steel Rare Earth Factory. In the years of 1959-1963, the Rare Earth Metal Test Plant was completed and put into operation, but the Rare Earth Alloy Plant failed in production for two years. In 1959, the iron slag by-product of rare earth ferrosilicon alloy was used in the production of military steel, and the effect was good. In 1963, Baotou Metallurgical Research Institute was established, which led the plant in expanding the production of rare earth alloy, and the rare earth science and technology industry in China developed rapidly, and went to the innovation road of 'rare earth power'. Based on the first-hand materials and some related historical materials of rare earth company and the Rare Earth Research Institute of Baotou Iron and Steel company, this paper briefly describes the development of the first rare earth plant construction and technological innovation in China, and discusses its influence and significance.