论生态学实验中重复的双重性

On Duality of Repetition in Ecological Experiment

探讨了生态学实验中重复的双重性及其哲学意义。首先,明确了两种重复的内涵:内部性"重复"是实验设计中的术语,是指同一处理下实验单元的个数,或者处理的重复,对应英文单词为replicate;外部性"重复"是重复一个完整实验,是实验可重复性原则的要求,对应的英文单词有三个:repeat,replicate和reproduce。其次,明确了生态学实验中的内部性"重复"与外部性"重复"之间的区别和联系,区别是:二者所重复的对象不同,前者是处理,后者是整个实验;二者的实验者、实施时间和空间也不同。联系是:二者都是归纳法和祛地方化的反映。在研究中应当破除传统"重复"观念的束缚,肯定非重复性生态学实验的积极意义。

This article discusses the duality of repetition in ecological experiments and its philosophical implications.Firstly,I clarify two meanings of'repetition'internal'repetition',as a term in experimental designs,refers to the number of experimental units in the same process or repetition of operation,corresponding to English word'replicate';external'repetition'refers to repeat a complete experiment which is the requirement of experimental repeatable principle,corresponding to English word'repeat','replicate'and'reproduce'.Secondly,I clarify the difference and the relationship between internal'repetition'and external'repetition'in ecological experiments.The difference between them includes the different objects of'repetition',the former refers to solving and the later refers to the whole experiment.In addition,there are different experimenters,different implementing time and space between them.The relationship between them is that both are reflections of induction and delocalization.We should get rid of the traditional'repetition'notion in the research and fully approve the positive meaning of non-repetition ecological experiment.