风险概念之演变——从贝克到拉图尔

The Evolution of the Notion of Risk: From Beck to Latour

贝克的风险概念是想避开风险理论中长期存在的实在论与社会建构论的两个极端,跨越事实和价值的二分,让理论回归于真实的生活世界。但贝克风险概念所实现的仅是方法论上跨越,这使他在分析风险的来源与讨论解决方案时,时常摇摆于实在论与社会建构论之间。拉图尔在从本体论层面上彻底否定科学与政治之间二元的先验分离,使他不仅能追踪出产生风险的行动者网络,而且为解决风险问题提供了重要的方法论启示。

Ulrich Beck’s notion of Risk is to evade the two extremes of realism and social constructivism which have long existed in the social risk theory and thus to stride across the distinction between fact and value,let the theory return to the real living world.However,what Beck’s notion of risk achieved is only a methodological leap,which makes him swing between realism and social constructionism when analyzing the origin of risk and discussing solutions.Then Bruno Latour denies thoroughly the dualistic priori separation between science and politics from the ontological perspective,which enables him not only trace the actor network of risk-generating,but also provides important methodological enlightenment for solving the risk problems.