陕西凤县林麝资源与保护探讨

Status and Conservation of Musk Deer in Fengxian County,Shanxi Province

2005~2006年,采用问卷调查和粪堆计数法,对陕西凤县林麝资源分布与数量进行调查。结果表明,该县林麝主要分布在县境边缘的高山地带和部分乡镇的交错山区,形成大小不等、形状不规则的12个相对孤立区域,总面积为789 km^2,平均密度为0.08±0.01只每平方千米,估计储存量为255.37±22.03只。从1985~2006年,该县林麝以11.44%的平均速度呈逐年下降趋势。2005~2015年的调查结果显示,过度捕猎与栖息地生境破碎化是凤县林麝种群数量逐年下降的两大关键因素。为此,提出保护与恢复建议,完善野生动物保护法律法规,恢复野生林麝栖息地环境,建立生态走廊与社区共同管理模式,合理利用与有效保护珍稀林麝资源。

By means of questionnaire survey and advanced pellet group count method,the current distribution,population number and endangered factors were investigated from 2005 to 2006.Conservation strategies and restoration suggestion were showed.M.berezovskii was mainly distributed in the edges of the villages and counties in remote mountain areas less in human disturbance.And the distribution patches were isolated from each other by residential areas and roads.The total distribution areas of musk deer was 789 km^2,the average population density was 0.08±0.01 ind/km2,the number of musk deer was255.37±22.03 individuals in Fengxian.The average annually declining rates of wild population was11.44%(t=22).Forest musk deer population had been declining due to over-hunting for natural musk and the loss and isolation of habitats.Some measures should be taken to conserve wild forest musk deer now.Firstly,the local law of protecting musk deer should been revised.Secondly,the habitat of musk deer should be protected.Thirdly,the national nature reserve to conserve the musk deer should be reset.