新石器时代氏族聚落区的神鸟崇拜

Bird Worship in Neolithic Tribes and Clans

乌崇拜作为人类共有的原始崇拜之一,在中国的新石器时代就已留下了物证。苏中地区的海安青墩遗址与兴化影山头遗址,不仅存在着历史悠久的神乌传说和乌形图腾状的营盘,还出土了鸟形陶鬹、太阳纹陶片和象征鸟卵的陶球等。出土有鸟形器物的新石器文化遗址基本上沿着黄河、长江分布,且多数集中于东部沿海地区,而青墩遗址和影山头遗址的地理位置正处于长江入海口附近。根据远古氏族部落迁徙的一般规律和两遗址的大致年代来看,古青墩部落与古影山头部落很可能就是长江流域的一部分崇乌部落的源头之一,其与良渚文化的亲缘关系,很值得注意。

Bird worship,as one of mankind’s primitive worships,has left behind the evidence of Neolithic Age in China.Some bird-shaped potteries,pottery fragments with solar patterns and pottery balls symbolizing bird eggs have been unearthed in the Remains of Qingdun,Hai’an and the Remains of Yingshantou Hill,Xinghua,both in central Jiangsu Province where there are popular historic bird legends and barracks in the shapes of bird totems.The Neolithic cultural remains where the bird-shaped artifacts are unearthed are spreading along the Yellow River and Yangtze River,and most of them concentrated in the eastern coastal areas,while the Remains of Qingdun and the Remains of Yingshantou Hill are located at the estuary of the Yangtze River.According to the general rules of ancient tribal migration and the chronology of the two Remains,the ancient tribes of Qingdun and Yingshantou were probably one of the sources of tribes with bird worship over the Yangtze River Basin,therefore it is worth studying as the two Remains have ties with Liangzhu Culture.