热本质说在晚清的传播

A Study on the Transmission of Nature of Heat in the Late Qing Dynasty

西方关于热本质的争论持续了几个世纪,最终以分子动理论和能量守恒定律的建立宣告结束。晚清出版的物理学著作很多都介绍了热本质问题,其中,《博物新编》的作者持热质说观点,《格致启蒙》较早引入了热动说。通过比较和分析文献,考察上述两著作对热本质说的论证,并结合其他著作,分析热本质说在晚清传播的特点。

The debate over the nature of heat continued for centuries and ended with the establishment of molecular kinetic theory and the law of conservation of energy.Many physical works published in the late Qing Dynasty introduced the nature of heat.Among them,the author of Bowu Xinbian held the view of caloric theory,and Gezhi Qimeng introduced the heat-motion theory earlier.By using the method of literature analysis and comparison,this paper focuses on the demonstration of the theory of nature of heat in that two books,and combines with other works to analyze the spread characteristics of the theory of nature of heat in the late Qing Dynasty.