科研经费的激励效应与治理对策

Management Strategies of the Incentive Effect of Scientific Research Funds

科研经费的投入效率主要取决于其对科研人员的科研方向、科研专注度、专业素质三个因素的影响。科研经费通过作用于这些因素既可能对科研活动起到正激励作用,也可能起到负激励作用。源于中国科研经费管理制度的弊病,当前科研经费对科研人员的科研方向与科研专注度均产生了调离效应。矫正负激励的问题,一是应探索零报销的信任制科研经费拨付制度;二是应加大高校和科研机构保障性经费拨付力度;三是扩大科研成果后资助项目实施范围;四是扩大无资助科研成果的奖励比例;五是进一步改革科研经费回收制度;六是改革报废折旧资产实物回收制度。

The input efficiency of scientific research funds mainly depends on the study field, perseverance and professional qualities of researchers. Because of these factors, research funds may play the role of positive or negative incentive. Recently, scientific research funds deviates both the study field and perseverance of researchers deriving from the disadvantage of management system for scientific research funds.Therefore, this paper proposes six corrective strategies for negative incentive: to investigate zero-reimbursement trust-based appropriation system for scientific research funds, to increase the allocation of supportive funds for universities and scientific research institutions, to expand the implementation scope of funded projects for scientific achievements, to raise the appropriation of non-funded scientific projects, to further reform the reclaim system of scientific research funds, and to reform the reclaim system of depreciated assets.