北宋初年天文机构中的成员构成

The Composition of the Personnel in the Astronomical Organization during the Early Years of the Northern Song Dynasty

北宋初年,官方天文机构面临'畴人子弟分散'的严峻境况。为组建新政权的天文伎术官班子,朝廷采取了任用前朝官员和从民间征辟新人等方式大量吸纳天文人才。然而来自晚唐五代的畴人世家趋于没落,所存天文官员已是凤毛麟角,对宋初天文学发展的贡献也十分有限。在这种情况下,朝廷从民间大量征募人才,并任用有专业才能的官员充入天文机构。这些人员存在水平参差不齐的情况,但也一定程度上缓解了天文机构人才的紧缺。另一方面,依靠对民间天文人才的吸收,北宋初年的天文机构能够吸收整理保存于民间的晚唐天文学知识,为宋代天文学的发展奠定了基础。对这段历史进行系统梳理,将有助于重新审视天文禁令下民间天文学与官方天文机构之间的关系。

In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty,the official astronomical institutions faced the serious situation of what was called'the scarcity of calculating experts.'In order to organize a new team of astronomers,the imperial court recruited a large number of experts from amongst officials of the previous dynasty and new appointees from among the common people as Astronomical officials.However,from the late Tang and Five Dynasties,the families that produced these experts had been in decline and astronomical officials were rare,so their contribution to the development of astronomy in the early Song Dynasty was limited.Under these conditions,the imperial court recruited common people and appointed officials of special merit to fill the astronomical institutions.These people had different levels of astronomical knowledge,but their participation helped to relieve the shortage of talent.In addition,relying on the assimilation of experts from among the common people,the astronomical institutions in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty were able to organize and absorb the astronomical knowledge scattered among the common folk in the late Tang,providing a foundation for the historical leap in the development of astronomy during the Song dynasty.This paper also provides a new research perspective to re-examine the relationship between folk astronomy and official astronomical institutions under the astronomical ban.