天津市2005-2014年甲型病毒性肝炎流行趋势和特征分析

Epidemiologic analysis of hepatitis A from 2005 to 2014 in Tianjin,China

目的分析天津市甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)流行特征、发病趋势和感染因素,为进一步制定甲肝防控策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析2005-2014年甲肝疫情人群、时间和地区流行特征及趋势,并分析2014年报告甲肝病例感染因素现况。结果天津市近10年报告甲肝493例,发病率为0.40/10万,甲肝病死率为0.20%,死亡率为0.08/1000万。男性发病率高于女性(χ2=35.24,P<0.01);<20岁年龄组发病率低于≥20岁年龄组(χ2=4.00,P<0.05);发病呈现每10年一个周期(t=1.892,P=0.095);潜伏期内食用海产品占70.30%,进食生菜肴占30.30%,而每周在外就餐3次及以上者占60.00%。结论天津市近10年甲肝报告发病率总体呈下降趋势,2012年后小幅回升。男性发病率高于女性,发病群体主要为青壮年;食用海产品可能为主要感染来源。当前天津市甲肝防控应以切断传播途径和接种甲肝疫苗相结合的方式为主。

Objective To study the epidemiologic characteristics and evaluate the incidence trend of hepatitis A in Tianjin,China. Methods Hepatitis A case distributions by region,time,population and trend were analyzed by descriptive epidemiologic method. Results The cumulative 493 cases were reported from 2005to2014,the incidence rate was 0.40/105,fatality rate was 0.20%,and the mortality rate is 0.08/107.The incident rate of males was higher than that of females(χ2=35.24,P<0.01).The morbidity rate in population of under 20 years old was lower than that in other age groups(χ2=4.00,P<0.05).The incidence of hepatitis A in Tianjin presents a cycle of peak every 10years(t=1.892,P=0.095).Among all cases,70.30% reported eating seafood during the incubation period,30.30% ate the cold dishes,and 60.00% ate out over three times a week. Conclusions The incidence rate of acute hepatitis A in Tianjin of China showed a downward trend during the past 10 years and rebounded slightly after 2012.The incidence was higher in males than that in females,and mainly involving adults.Seafood might be one of the contagious sources.